![]() ![]() Apparently, it's part of an experimental bio-consolidation method that makes the use of carbonate bacteria, as part of the wider PArCo-GREEN project? Will the Arch of Titus be included in a similar project? How will the restorers go about preserving and protecting the yellow ochre of the arms and the base of the menorah that your team discovered? Today in 2022, a special restoration project is underway on the Arch of Septimus Severus in which restorers will study the best protective agent to safeguard the monument's surfaces against airborne pollutants and other harmful atmospheric agents. A study held in 2015 led by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) and the Institute for Conservation and Restoration (ISCR) shows that in Rome about 3600 cultural heritage made of calcareous stone (limestone) are at risk of deterioration. The air quality of Rome and all other cities, such as Athens, is a great problem for Classical structures and sculptures, especially for limestone, not granite so much. Quantifying the impacts of climate change, environmental issues, all impact the monument and its survival. Finding what we expected allowed for some confidence that other colors discovered or posited might be accurate as well. In fact, based on all literary sources back to the Bible, yellow paint- or perhaps gilding (which was not found) is the only possible color. ![]() It was no surprise when Heinrich and Rose Piening, conservators from Bavaria in Germany, identified the original yellow ochre paint of the menorah. Can you explain why this discovery is consistent with biblical, early Christian, and Talmudic writings, in particular to the eye-witness testimony by the first-century historian Josephus? You and your team found traces of yellow ochre on the arms and on the base of the menorah. The scan data was processed to create a 3D representation of the form on the menorah panel and the reliefs showing Titus riding in triumph through the city and the deification of Titus at the apex of the arch with sub-millimeter accuracy. The 2012 pilot project in search of color was a complete success. Students, licensed tour guides of Rome and tourists can benefit from this fantastic interview with Professor Fine about the history of the Arch of Titus in the Roman Forums. The sculpted depiction of these spoils was likely originally colored yellow, likely with a blue background, says Professor Steven Fine, Director of the Yeshiva University Arch of Titus Project. They are the main focus of a panel carved in deep relief on the Arch of Titus. The seven-branched golden Menorah, silver trumpets, and the golden Table of Showbread, taken as war spoils at the destruction of the Second Temple, have much significance to the Jews of Rome. And finally it was in Rome that all traces of the menorah vanished without a trace, never to be found again, says Ruth Dureghello, the first woman president in the history of the Jewish community of Rome. It was under Rome, that the menorah became a powerful and representative emblem of Judaism. It was to Rome that a menorah was brought from Jerusalem after the destruction of the Beit Ha Miqdash, the Temple, and was carried in triumph as war plunder by the imperial troops. ![]()
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